The principle of a cable fault location system is to determine the fault location based on the changes in the cable's electrical quality parameters. The most commonly used methods are the master-slave comparison method and the reflection method.
The master-slave comparison method requires applying a test signal to one end of the faulty cable and receiving the signal changes at the other end. The fault location is calculated based on the signal transmission delay.
The reflection method involves sending a test pulse signal through a length of impedance-matched transmission line into the cable as the test signal. The reflected signal from the transmission line and the reflected signal generated by the cable fault are detected, and the fault location is calculated based on the signal transmission delay and the reflected waveform.
